What is osteochondritis dissecans?
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)is a joint disorder in which a segment of bone and cartilage starts to separate from the rest of the bone after repeated stress or trauma. The fragment may stay in place or fall into the joint space. This causes pain and a sense that the joint is “catching” or “giving way.” These loose pieces are sometimes called“joint mice”or “loose bodies.”
Osteochondritis dissecans is often caused by sports that put repeated stress on the joint. Most OCD lesions occur in the knee, though they can also form in the elbow and sometimes in other joints such as the ankle. Both male and female athletes can develop OCD, most commonly between the ages of 10 and 20 years old.
- 膝盖的骨软骨炎通常是涉及足球，足球和体操等高影响力降落的运动的结果。
- 肘部骨软骨炎可以由一再投掷的运动，例如棒球和手臂上的重复体重，例如体操。
骨软骨炎的儿童脱节应立即接受医疗。如果没有治疗，骨骼和软骨的松动碎片可能会漂入关节，从而使其滑动，弹出或锁定。如果发生这种情况，关节可能会被“卡住”，直到手动移动或以其他方式操纵为止。
骨软骨炎|Symptoms & Causes
骨软骨炎的症状是什么？
骨软骨炎损伤的第一个迹象可能是受伤关节的“弹出”感觉。大多数人仍然可以使用受伤的关节，不幸的是，许多运动员继续比赛，这通常会使受伤更糟。
When symptoms of inflammation set in, the affected joint feels painful and tight. Your child may also have:
- 关节处的酸痛或温柔
- 关节周围肿胀或僵硬
- difficulty fully straightening the arm or leg
- 感觉就像关节正在锁定，“捕捉”或“屈服”
- 关节周围的液体收集（“膝盖上的水”）
The signs and symptoms of osteochondritis dissecans can resemble those of other过度受伤。重要的是，您的孩子要及时及时去看医生诊断和治疗。
What causes osteochondritis dissecans?
Young athletes involved in high-impact sports can sustain an osteochondritis dissecans injury from motions that put repetitive stress on the joint.
骨软骨炎|Diagnosis & Treatments
骨软骨炎是如何被诊断出的？
.分离性肱骨小头骨软骨炎诊断ic specialist will take a medical history and perform a physical exam on your child. The doctor will check for pain along the affected joint line and may order an x-ray or MRI to help them see the joint.
Diagnosing OCD of the knee, elbow, and ankle
To diagnose osteochondritis dissecans, your child’s doctor will assess the affected joint for any swelling or tenderness. They will also test the range of motion of the joint. This may include specialized manipulations of the joint, such as aWilson testof the knee, to see if a particular rotation of the knee causes pain. To diagnose osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow, ankle or another joint, your child’s doctor will perform similar specialized manipulations.
Testing for osteochondritis dissecans
Various tests may be used to confirm the osteochondritis dissecans diagnosis.
- X射线：通常，采用多个X射线视图来确认和评估伤害的程度。X射线也可以在另一个肢体上以相同的关节为基础进行比较。
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging):An MRI can show whether the loose piece is still in place or has moved into the joint space.
How is osteochondritis dissecans treated?
Your child may not need surgery if the loose piece of bone has not detached. They will need to take a break from high-impact sports while they heal. Their physician may recommend rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications for pain.
手术修复
Your child may need surgery if the OCD lesion is unstable, if a fragment of bone or cartilage has broken off into the joint, or if the injured area does not heal after a course of rest.
Your child’s doctor will select a surgical technique based on the type of osteochondritis dissecans, your child’s age, and other factors. Surgical procedures to repair osteochondritis dissecans of the knee or elbow include:
- 在下面的骨骼中钻出小孔以刺激愈合
- 去除或固定骨头松散的碎片
- a procedure called osteochondral autologous transplantation surgery (OATS)
Osteochondral autologous transplantation surgery (OATS)
OATS或骨软骨自体移植杂志ery, is a treatment option for certain OCD injuries. The procedure involves replacing injured bone and cartilage in the joint with healthy tissue taken from another part of the body, such as the side of the knee.
What is the long-term outlook for osteochondritis dissecans?
手术后，您的孩子可能需要在关节愈合时戴上铸造或支撑。在逐步恢复活动或运动之前，他们可能需要完成物理疗法。
Your child should be able to return to sports and activities after their knee, elbow, or other joint has regained strength and stability — usually around six months after surgery. If your child’s joint remains painful or unstable after surgery and a period of recovery, their doctor may recommend lifestyle changes such as switching to low-impact sports.
How we care for osteochondritis dissecans
波士顿儿欧宝彩票平台童医院骨科和运动医学中心为儿童，青少年和骨软骨炎的儿童，青少年和年轻人提供全面的评估，治疗和随访。我们了解体育在年轻运动员生活中的重要性，并致力于提供最佳的护理，以帮助我们的患者安全地恢复运动，而无需进一步受伤。
我们的成员骨科和运动医学团队travel to local and regional schools, youth groups and sports clubs to teach leg strengthening and other techniques with a goal of dramatically reducing overuse injuries like osteochondritis dissecans. We also conduct safe-training programs and clinics for coaches.
患者资源
肘部骨软骨炎
这份可下载的患者教育表描述了肘部骨软骨炎的症状，原因和治疗方法。